I've done a fair bit of research into this very problem, because my E320CDI was suffering the very same thing - HUGE clouds of dense black smoke when accelerating hard - most embarassing at times! Anyway, car was back and forth to dealers several times and I was given all the usual runarounds
Started to lose patience, as warranty was rapidly expiring and was fearing a large bill for new injectors, so dealer had car yesterday to, hopefully, sort it out. Last time they had it, they said it was being caused by one duff glowplug and if that didn't fix it, it was probably an injector problem.
They checked the EGR valve - OK
Checked another motorised valve on air intake system.
Did an idle check cutting out one cylinder at a time.
They started to try and convince me that the smoking was normal or to be expected on these cars and even gave me a technical handout from Mercedes to explain it all. Then, in casual passing, they mentioned that the airfilter was showing red and that I ought to get it changed. I told them to change it (another £52!) and have just collected the car - SMOKE GONE!!!!
I really booted it at times on the drive home from the dealers and didn't once see a sign of the black smoke! Frankly, I'm amazed that it has taken them around 6 months to find that a car with a full MB service history has a blocked air filter! What do these dealer's service departments actually DO when they service the car? I now know - AS LITTLE AS THEY FEEL THEY CAN GET AWAY WITH!
So, Merc808, change your air filter and see if that improves things. If it doesn't, then come back to this thread and we'll have to try some other things. One thing I can say (after speaking to an injector reconditioning company) is that the injectors themselves won't normally cause the black smoke. They reckoned 'normal' life of the injectors was 100 to 120k miles.
FYI - these are the people I spoke to -
http://www.uniteddiesel.co.uk/ they were VERY helpful!