First of all, not doubting for a second what you say
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I’ve had a good think.
Assuming your battery is good.
It’s going flat in around 1/2 hour - my guess is that a 100Ah battery at the 20 hour rate would probably give around 100 amps for that period of time before becoming flat. That’s around 1200 watts continuously. Something WILL be getting very hot.
It’s unlikely to be any of the ‘normal’ consumers as they will be protected by fuses and current limiting devices.
You’ve eliminated the obvious - the block heater, so all that remains are the starter/solenoid - but I’m sure there would be additional symptoms here or the alternator (a diode failure could cause this but you can usually sniff them out). The low charge voltage would also suggest this as there would only be two of the phases providing DC current (I bet if you were to put a scope across the battery there would be a shed load of ripple if a diode (or two) was short circuit.
Just as a fyi, a shorted rectifier diode in an alternator is often accompanied by a very noticeable whistle, changing with engine revs.
Definitely worth disconnecting the main alternator feed before buying a new one to see if this is the root cause (don’t start the engine with this off)
As I say. At around 1200 watts, something, including the supply wiring will be getting very warm.