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While some countries have approved the best LED replacement bulbs such as Philips and Osram, they are not legal in the UK.
It's not an issue of how good the beam pattern is because these top quality LEDs have an excellent beam pattern. It's the way the law is written.
The Road Vehicles Lighting Regulations 1989, 14.—(1) states that no filament lamp other than the one referred to in the Designation of Approval Marks Regulations can be fitted to any lamp that is required to be marked with an approval mark on a motor vehicle first used on or after April 1, 1986,
What the regulation is saying is a light unit must use only the filament lamp that was used when it obtained that approval. Also even if they seem an innocuous use of LEDs ,the regulation also seems to apply to the tail light, stop light and indicators if they have an approval mark.
The MOT manual quotes the same regulation but I suspect in practice the MOT testers don't concern themselves with checking bulbs in tail lights and indicators. They would be more likely to fail a headlight if they can see it contains an LED even if the beam pattern passes muster.
The wording suggests that the approval is for the bulb in the headlamp, not for the bulb in the car.
You can, in principle, retrofit a LED light if you buy it complete with a headlamp for which it was approved.
But finding a complete headlamp which has approval is a challenge, and its certainly not cheap.