As you say, this sounds like an antenna fault or a nav processor fault - the former being fairly common, the latter if there has been water ingress.
If you go to map, then display somewhere in there you can set what the screen shows at the bottom (ETA, etc) and I think long/lat also shows the number of satellites. If its a '-' then it can't see the antenna - which could mean a cabling fault or antenna fault. 0 means it can see antenna but is seeing no satellites (so an antenna fault)
Fuse 3 in the boot (the fusebox is upside down compared to the picture in the fusemap which does not tell you it is fuse 3) is the nav processor fuse, you should try pulling that for a minute or two first.
If that fails, remove the rear left boot carpet (see
Mercedes Electronics upgrades, installation and retrofits for info on that) - There is a blue fakra in the back of the nav processor, follow the coax and there is a male/female wiclic, and then that goes off to the antenna on the roof. If you are seeing '-' check those connections. If the nav processor is rusty it has got wet (via the airvent behind the bumper and a careless jetwash) and that normally needs new nav processor :-( (do not buy from MB dealership, look at
Comand Online Ltd for new ones or eBay for used ones, and talk to alfie here I know he keeps a spare used one)
If you decide its the antenna, then if its a saloon just put a new antenna under the parcel shelf and connect up to the wiclic connectors. If its an estate best replace the roof antenna as theres no great place to put an antenna near the rear. Use genuine MB part not a cheap aftermarket one.
Cheers
Richard