Hi
Not sure if there is a non-return valve but you can fit one. Most probably your problem stems from air getting into the fuel system via the plastic preformed hoses that are scattered around the fuel pump and filter,could be as many as 6, the seals at the ends of these hoses start to suck air (mostly no diesel leak can be seen). Best to renew all of the hoses, dieselman will explain how many there are, he has advised covering the connections of these hoses with grease to stop the air being sucked in. The inlet manifold might need removed to renew one of these hoses but that is not that big of a job..
Also people working around these engines yend to move the connections and upset the seal, have you had any work done recently?
Good luck,
230K