Unfortunately there are only two realistic possibilities , if you haven't put diesel in it yourself , which you clearly did not :
The delivery company mis-fueled the car prior to delivery , impossible to prove.
There has been a mechanical engine failure and MB are passing the buck and blaming the diesel by "planting" some in the tank as the culprit , very unlikely and uber risky for the dealership should they get rumbled.
Sorry to say but it looks like a big bill looming , unfortunately.
If the car did arrive at the dealership with diesel in the tank , caused by the delivery company or from the Shell station , then i wouldn`t be expecting MB to be picking up the tab for the repair.
K