EVs turn stored electric energy into kinetic energy, then turns the kinetic energy back to stored electric energy when braking.
The energy loss is from kinetic and electric energy turning into heat. The heat is dissipatedvat from the tyres as result of friction with the road, from the car's exterior as result of wind resistance, from the electrical motors, and from the battery cooling system. This accounts for the energy losses when driving on level ground.
When driving uphill, some if the stored electric energy is converted to potential energy. When driving downhill, the potential energy is turned back into stored electric energy, again with losses resulting from heat dissipation.
Overall, an EV as a car is much more energy-efficient than a comparable ICE car, because there are far less losses resulting from heat dissipation.
However, the issue with the energy efficiency of EVs is in fact not with the car itself, but with the overall process of converting fuel to energy. The EV will see many losses even before the electricity reaches the battery. The higher efficiency of the car itself does not compensate fully for the losses between the power plant and the home or public charger.
In any event, EVs do not use the brake discs for braking, instead they brake using the resistance of the electromagnetic field inside the motor, which is a frictionless process (hence the greater efficiency).