Back in 2017 I visited the Pirelli Performance Centre at Pirelli HQ, and I asked how much of a difference there really is between the manufacturer homologated tyres, and to my surprise they guy I was talking to was able to show me.
He had a board with four cross sections cut from the same size tyre, 305/30 20 I think, but which had been homologated for the specific requirements of four different manufacturers - I think he said Lamborghini, Ferrari, Audi and a fourth.
Sure enough, you could see the differences, with different combinations of: bead shape and size (square or circular); width and depth of chorded section across the width of the tyre; shoulder profile; rim protection, etc. Fascinating.
I wish I took some photos now, including our old (N0 Porsche) and new tyres (MO Mecrcedes) side by side: the shoulder profile was different in shape, and the MO tyres have a rim protector (N0 didn't), and that's just the difference visible from the outside.
The guy explained that Porsche are not only very strict in the event of a warranty claim if the wrong tyre are fitted, he said unless exactly the right tyre is fitted some Porsches wear the shoulder very quickly because the geometry set up requires the right should profile.
Fascinating! Or at least I thought it was