We're not going to go through all the equations and physics of how horsepower and torque are calculated, not only is it difficult to explain in writing, it confuses the hell out of most people. Unless you plan on being a specialist engine technician, it’s just too much. But we will try to explain what they are, how they relate to each other and how it affects your cars performance in the simplest way we can.
Horsepower
The term horsepower was first used on engines by
James Watt, a British inventor, who was associated with steam engines. James Watt used the term to measure steam engine power to the power from a
horse. Horsepower is the rate at which work can be done
(over a given distance). A horses’ workload was measured to calculate a starting figure for the measurement of this power. Incidentally engine power can also be measured in kilo Watts
(kW) and
(PS) pferdestarke which is German for horsepower.
1HP = 746Watts = 1.01387PS
The familiar Brake Horsepower
(BHP) means that power was measured using a
dynamometer. BHP is measured at the
crankshaft. Car manufacturers, normally quote this as
‘peak’ horsepower (the maximum horsepower possible at a given rpm).
Horsepower is a measurement calculated from the engines torque which is multiplied by a given RPM and then divided by
5252. 5252 is the figure used for the calculation; it is a constant and unless you want to be bored/confused, just take it from me.
Torque * RPM
Horse power = ------------------
5252
We were going to mention
rolling road dyno’s, but due to the differences from one dyno tuner to the next, feel you are best off seeking advice from the tuner themselves. The main reason we're not going to mention anything here is the many ways in which the dyno tuners
adjust the figures to calculate for
drive loses. Also remember the car is stationary and not on the open road, with air pressure, temperature changes and much more not taken into consideration.
Torque
Torque is the
turning force, in this instance we are talking about the turning force that will be applied to the
driving wheels of the car, measured by the units, pounds-foot
(lbs-ft) or Newton-meters
(Nm). A lb-ft of torque is a measurement used which represents for example the turning force at one end of a
1ft bar while at the other a
1lb weight is suspended. Therefore if you have a 200lb weight on the end of the 1ft bar, you will have 200lbs-ft of torque. Obviously as this number rises, the more turning force there is on the wheels.
1 Lb-Ft = 1.36 Nm
As you can see, torque will be useful for those who like to
tow things, as a heavy vehicle will benefit from that extra torque.
Torque is a measure of the ability of an engine to do work (in an instance).
However it is important to realize that as you increase the torque of your engine, hence increase the turning force of the driving wheels, you run the risk of just
spinning your wheels. This is quite common on high powered front wheel drive
(FWD) cars with lots of torque. With the front wheels also designed oddly enough to steer the car you will get something called
torque steer, while you are turning your steering wheel and accelerating, you end up spinning the front wheels and not much happens with the steering either. Of course any high powered car with lots of torque will spin the wheels due the forces of nature
(turning forces vs traction). By dividing that torque to all 4 wheels
(4WD) you can reduce the spin of a high torque car and transfer the power to the road better, hence EVOs’, Imprezas’ and Skylines’ etc tend to be able to pull away from a stand still quite well, although there are many more factors that can help a FWD or rear wheel drive
(RWD) car to put that power down effectively, such as
tyre size/compound, suspension/chassis setup and gear ratios.